LFM Equation Reference

Two coupled wave equations on a discrete lattice, parameterized by χ₀ = 19.

Framework Overview

LFM models spacetime as a discrete lattice where each point stores two values: a wave amplitude Ψ and a local stiffness parameter χ.

Each point updates using only nearest-neighbor values. Standard physics results (gravity, electromagnetism, bound states) emerge from the coupled dynamics of these two fields.

The framework has been tested against 105 validation cases across 7 physics domains.

Background Parameter: χ₀ = 19

The vacuum value of χ is determined by fitting to the CMB spectral index. From this single parameter, a family of formulas for fundamental constants can be constructed.

Fine structure
11/(480π)
1/137.088 vs 1/137.036 (0.04%)
Proton/electron
5×19²+2×19-7
1836 vs 1836.15 (0.008%)
Dark energy
13/19
0.684 vs 0.685 (0.12%)
Strong force
2/17
0.1176 vs 0.1179 (0.25%)
Muon/electron
11×19-2
207 vs 206.768 (0.11%)
Generations
18/6
3 vs 3 (exact)

Governing Equations

Two fundamental wave equations (GOV-01, GOV-02) plus three simplifications for specific regimes.

GOV-01: Lattice Wave Equation (Fundamental)

∂²Ψₐ(x,t)/∂t² = c²∇²Ψₐ(x,t) − χ(x,t)²Ψₐ(x,t)

The lattice wave equation with position-dependent mass χ(x,t). Waves propagate through a medium where local "stiffness" χ affects behavior. The Dirac equation (spin-½) emerges from its Lorentz symmetry in the continuum limit.

OriginStructure: Klein & Gordon (1926) | Innovation: LFM replaces constant mass m with dynamic field χ(x,t)
MeasuresHow matter waves evolve through the lattice
Used ForAll simulations: gravity, electromagnetism, strong, weak forces

GOV-01 Level 0: Real Scalar Field (Gravity Only)

∂²E/∂t² = c²∇²E − χ²E

Simplified form using real-valued E field. Valid when phase is uniform and only gravity is needed.

OriginStructure: Klein & Gordon (1926) | Simplification: single real component
MeasuresWave amplitude evolution for gravity-only scenarios
Used ForCosmology, dark matter, rotation curves, cosmic web

GOV-02: χ Field Equation (LFM v14)

∂²χ/∂t² = c²∇²χ − κ(Σₐ|Ψₐ|² + ε_W·j − E₀²) − 4λ_H·χ(χ²−χ₀²) − κ_c·f_c·Σₐ|Ψₐ|²

The geometry itself ripples like a wave. Where there's concentrated energy, χ drops—creating what we experience as a gravitational well. The Mexican hat V(χ)=λ_H(χ²−χ₀²)² makes χ₀=19 a dynamical attractor.

OriginLFM Framework (Oct 2025)
MeasuresHow spacetime curvature responds to matter/energy
Used ForGravity, dark matter, frame dragging, black holes

GOV-03: Single-Equation Form (Simplification)

χ² = χ₀² − g⟨Σₐ|Ψₐ|²⟩_τ

χ responds to time-averaged energy density with memory parameter τ. The memory creates persistent gravitational effects.

OriginLFM Framework (Oct 2025)
MeasuresLocal χ from time-averaged energy
Used ForGalaxy rotation curves, dark matter halos

GOV-04: Poisson Limit (Quasi-Static)

∇²χ = (κ/c²)(Σₐ|Ψₐ|² − E₀²)

Static limit of GOV-02. Similar structure to Poisson equation in Newtonian gravity.

OriginLFM Framework; form analogous to Poisson (1813)
MeasuresStatic χ profile
Used ForStatic gravity wells, Newtonian limit

LFM-Specific Formulations

LFM-specific formulations and applications. Many build on established physics concepts (properly attributed below). GOV-02 and the χ₀=19 predictions are LFM's contributions.

Chi-Inversion Formula

χ(r) = χ₀ exp[−(2/c²)∫₀ʳ v²(r')/r' dr']

Invert the velocity-χ relationship to reconstruct χ profiles from rotation curves. LFM's specific formulation for the χ field.

OriginLFM Framework (Nov 2025)
Measuresχ profile from observed velocities
Used ForGalaxy analysis in LFM framework

Phase-Charge Encoding

θ = 0 → electron, θ = π → positron

In LFM, charge is encoded as wave phase. This is the LFM implementation of U(1) gauge symmetry, which underlies electromagnetism in quantum field theory.

OriginU(1) gauge theory (Weyl 1929, QED 1940s); LFM implementation
MeasuresCharge sign from phase angle
Used ForElectromagnetism in LFM simulations

χ Memory Mechanism

χ_residual(r) < χ₀ even when E²(r) → 0

In LFM, the χ field retains memory of past energy distributions. This is LFM's approach to explaining dark matter phenomena without particles.

OriginLFM Framework (Nov 2025); concept similar to MOND/TeVeS approaches
MeasuresResidual χ depression
Used ForGalaxy rotation curves in LFM

Mexican Hat Self-Interaction (GOV-02 v13+)

V(χ) = λ_H(χ²−χ₀²)², dV/dχ = 4λ_H·χ(χ²−χ₀²), λ_H = 4/31

The GOV-02 self-interaction makes χ₀=19 a dynamical attractor (V′′(χ₀)=373). Z₂ symmetry gives a second stable vacuum at −χ₀=−19 — black hole interiors settle there. The old ad-hoc floor term λ(−χ)³Θ(−χ) is permanently retired; the Mexican hat provides superior physics with a geometric derivation.

OriginLFM Framework (Session 91, 2026); Higgs-type self-coupling from z₂ lattice geometry
Measuresχ₀ stability; BH interior vacuum at −χ₀
Used ForBlack hole interiors, vacuum stability, Higgs coupling, early-universe reheating

LFM's RAR Implementation

g² = g_bar(g_bar + a₀), where a₀ = cH₀/(2π)

LFM's derivation of the Radial Acceleration Relation. The RAR itself was discovered observationally by McGaugh et al. (2016). LFM claims to derive it from first principles.

OriginRAR observed: McGaugh, Lelli, Schombert (2016); a₀: Milgrom (1983)
MeasuresAcceleration enhancement factor
Used ForGalaxy dynamics, comparison with MOND

Coulomb Force in LFM

F = −dU_int/dR, U_int = ∫ 2Re(Ψ₁*Ψ₂) d³x

LFM's derivation of Coulomb force from wave interference. Interference forces are standard wave mechanics; LFM shows how 1/r² emerges in its framework.

OriginWave interference: standard QM; LFM implementation (Nov 2025)
MeasuresElectric force between charges
Used ForElectromagnetism in LFM

Stability Analysis

Standard physics analysis applied to LFM. These are well-known theorems (Ostrogradsky, causality bounds, Hamiltonian analysis) confirming mathematical consistency.

No Ghost Modes

H_Ψ ≥ 0, H_χ ≥ 0 (positive-definite)

LFM's Hamiltonians are positive-definite. Ghost analysis is standard in modified gravity theories.

Ostrogradsky Stability

max(time derivatives) = 2 → stable

Ostrogradsky's theorem (1850) states theories with >2 time derivatives are unstable. GOV-01 and GOV-02 have exactly 2nd-order derivatives.

Causality Preservation

v_g = c/√(1 + χ²/(c²k²)) < c

Group velocity in LFM never exceeds c. Causality analysis is standard relativistic physics.

Massless Graviton (Theorem)

In vacuum: ∂²χ/∂t² = c²∇²χ → m_graviton = 0

In vacuum, GOV-02 becomes a massless wave equation. Gravitons have zero mass, consistent with LIGO bound (m < 1.2×10⁻²² eV).

Derived Equations by Category

All of the following emerge from GOV-01 + GOV-02. Click a category to explore the equations.

Published Documentation

The complete LFM framework is documented and archived for reference and citation.

See It In Action

These aren't just equations on paper — they're running in real-time simulations you can explore.